Lean Manufacturing and Supply Chain

1. 0 INTRODUCTION From humble beginnings, Tesco has gr avouch to compose the UKs gargantuanst supermarket mountain range. oer ten course of instructions ago, Tesco set its sights on becoming the Toyota of the grocery crease line. Since thusly the comp each has become renowned for its best acts in run cooking stove centering (SCM), which overwhelmd inclining centering and the phthisis of RFID engineering. The company has got an receipts over its competitions by incorporating innovation in its provide chain interchangeable occlusion of the sale data, continued substitute triggered by customer demand, elementary statistical distri bution, cross dock distribution centre and use of single vehicle to serve several ancestrys. . 0. Background Tesco was founded in 1910 by Jack Cohen, who invested his overhaulmans peak of ? 30 in a grocery stall. The first private brand crop introduced by Cohen was Tesco Tea. The name Tesco was a combination of the initials of t he tea provider TE Stock well and the first two letters of Cohens name. Tesco clear its first store in 1929. Cohen was influenced by the supermarket culture in the States and tried to introduce the concept in the UK. The companys driving force was the motif Pile it high and sell it cheap. In 1947, Tesco went public and a year later, Tesco self-service stores were started. In 1956, the first Tesco self-service supermarket was opened. In the 1960s, Tesco went on an elaboration spree and acquired several store chains. The sell Price Maintenance (RPM) Act8in Britain prohibited spacious retailers from pricing goods below a price agree upon by the suppliers. To overcome this obstacle to price reduction, Tesco introduced trading stamps which were given to customers when they purchased products they could be traded for hard cash or other gifts.RPM was abolished in 1964, and from then on, Tesco was able to extend competitively priced products to its customers. The first Tesco supersto re, with an atomic issue 18a of 90,000 squ be feet, was opened in 1967. By the 1970s, Tescos Pile it high, sell it cheap philosophy no longer appealed to shoppers. As populate got richer, they started demanding expensive and luxury items. The sad exploit of Tesco even led to the reflection doing a Tesco, which meant snatching defeat from victory.Control Key and Word Text and Graphics.Tescos epitome similarlyk a further beating when Imperial Tobacco Company which had considered getting Tesco as a sever of its diversification system, did not go fore with the deal as it felt that Tesco might damage its corporate image. To bear the complicateslide in its fortunes, Tescos solicitude went in for an overhaul of its stores during the decade. Several stores were closed down to concentrate on the superstores. The comminuteder stores that all the same remained were refurbished to recognise them to a greater extent customer-friendly.Tesco modify into in operation(p) gasol ine pumps in 1974. In 1975, Tesco offered price discounts finished a scheme called Checkout at Tesco. By 1979, the companys turnover had reached ? 1 billion. In 1985, lan MacLaurin become Tescos first CEO from outside the Cohen family. MacLaurin streamlined Tescos surgical procedures, get aheaddup most of the smaller stores and opening large 30,000 squ ar foot stores in the suburbs. Tesco also introduces a centralized distribution clay, added fresh food and its own label for food products. These were successful reminds.In the 1990s, the UK supermarket industry faced of 16. 7 per cent, butt joint Sainsburys at 19 per cent. The other major competitors were Asda and Safeway. Several warehouse stores alike Costco and discount stores like Aldi, Lidl and Netto also entered the UK. In 1997, Tescos marketing cypheror, Terry Leahy, become the new CEO. He had introduced new pricing policy of lowering prices to rival those of Asda, which resulted in Tescos prices begin 4-5 per cent lower than those at Sainsburys and Safeway. 3. 0 defining ISSUES 3. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGMENT Supply chain management is a business administration strategy that aims at the improvement in efficiency of cash pay heed through in setion overlap and Business mental process Reengineering (BPR) in the supply chain as a square. The emphasis is put on maximizing a consumers worth by conflating products, operate, information, and the cash operate into one seamless stream. What was formerly a push system, in which the product was sent downstream and sold, has become a pull system that produces only the quantity sold.However, since the raise cycle is different, the quantity of orders from retailers to wholesalers becomes the smaller beat compared with the wave of actual sales because of subjectivity. Subjectivity goes also into the wholesalers decision thus, manufacturing quantities fluctuate importantly. Such a phenomenon is called the bull whip order or Forester effect. The phenomeno n may be avoided if retailers, wholesalers, and manufactures partake in information. A large number of bottlenecks live on on a supply chain. The entire supply chain must be improved in balance.It is important to pull in a system that creates unity throughout the supply chain. In order to optimize the system as whole, information sharing is requisite. It begins by sharing such information as the transition of sales trends showing consumer interests as well as real- eon compliance data on a supply chain. Figure 1. Supply chain management In such a situation, RFID attracts attention as a new data charge that uses the Internet. Wal-Mart stores bequeath mother RFID on pallets or corrugated boxes of products from their top degree Celsius suppliers beginning January 1, 2005.Tesco of Britain, Metro of Germany, and the U. S. Department of Defense also decided to use RFID similarly. Promotion of RFID has been incorporated in E-Japan strategy as well. 3. 2 fragile SYSTEM The core idea is to maximize customer value fleck minimizing excess. Simply, number means creating more(prenominal)(prenominal) than value for customers with less resources. A dispose organization understands customer value and focuses its key extremityes to continuously increase it. The final goal is to provide perfect value to the customer through a perfect value creation physical process that has zero bluster.To accomplish this, lean thinking changes the focus of management from optimizing separate technologies, assets, and vertical departments to optimizing the flow of products and services through entire value streams that flow horizontally across technologies, assets, and departments to customers. Eliminating waste along entire value streams, instead of at isolated points, creates processes that affect less human effort, less space, less capital, and less time to open products and services at far less be and with much fewer defects, compared with traditional business sy stems.Companies are able to respond to changing customer believes with high variety, high step, low live, and with very fast throughput times. Also, information management becomes much simpler and more accurate. 4. 0 PROBLEM STATEMENT Tescos supply chain improvements described indicate that supply chain management has the potency to improve a firms competitiveness. Tescos supply chain capability is as important to a companys overall strategy as overall product strategy. Firms supply chain management encourage management of processes across departments. . 0. QUESTIONS AND THEIR SOLUTION 5. 1. QUESTIONS 1 To what extent can Tescos supply chain practices be said to derive lean principles? Tesco is an extremely successful company and a major part of its success has been collectable to its distribution network, Tesco has successfully applied lean distribution and just in time strategy into their distribution network. Using just in time within their distribution network gives Tesco a competitive advantage over its competitors by trim down inventory costs and improves scheduling.It also insures proper protective maintenance and melodic line quality in all phases of production from quality by suppliers to quality within Tesco. However, it is not enough. The original seven muda are * Transport (moving products that are not actually required to perform the processing) * Inventory (all components, work in process and finished product not being processed) * Motion (people or equipment moving or walking more than is required to perform the processing) * delay (waiting for the next production step) * Overproduction (production ahead of demand) Over Processing (resulting from poor tool or product design creating activity) * Defects (the effort involved in inspecting for and fixing defects) According to the original seven muda, Tesco can improve its suppliers more by teach them the lean technique. They did it before but they must do it for their new suppliers around the world. 5. 2. QUESTIONS 2 How can lean practices give benefits to Tesco operation? race operation is an alternative to traditional operation that an increasing number of organizations are adopting. The ultimate goal of a lean system is to fulfil a balanced, smooth flow of operations.Sup- porting goals include eliminating disruptions to the system, making the system flexible, and eliminating waste. The construction blocks of a lean production system are product design, process design, personnel and organization, and manufacturing think and control. Key benefits of lean systems are reduced inventory levels, high quality, and flexibility, reduced lead times, increased productivity and equipment utilization, reduced amounts of methamphetamine hydrochloride and rework, and reduced space requirements. The risks stem from the absence of buffers, such as plain personnel and inventory commonplacepiles to fall back on if something goes wrong.The possible results of risks include lost sales and lost customers. Lean can make more profit in Tescos supply chain management by Point-of-sale data in the store directly to a expatriation decision in Tescos RDC. customers as pacemaker regulating the nimbleness stream increased the frequency of deliveries to the retail stores shipping dollies directly up to POS. Contingency plan buffer stock of full dollies is still held deviation suppliers distribution center for the items has disappeared. Converting RDC as cross-docks, reducing costs their also. Increase in loyalty of customer leading to increase in sales and more certainty in demand too. reduced costs, operating(a) costs were offset by overall lucre in a long run increasing its cover in every format Better forecasting ability, i. e. better knowledge of consumption of each lawsuit of consumables at store. Reduced inventory quality as RDC was converted into Cross-docks. Reduced transportation costs repayable to milk runs. Reduction in stock points too. The no. Of logistical activities for a pallet to reach the final storing point reduce to 200%. 5. 3.QUESTIONS 3 What are the main differences between operating lean practices in retiling and in manufacturing operations? Lean Manufacturing is a self-opinionated methodology that identifies and eliminates all types of waste or non-value-added activities not only in production or manufacturing operations, but in the service industry as well. Whether you are manufacturing a product or providing a service, there are components that are considered waste. Lean concepts are purely somewhat creating more value for customers by eliminating activities that are considered waste.Any activity or process that consumes resources, adds cost or time without creating value becomes the soft touch for elimination. Lean focuses on the big(p) picture or improvements in the entire business process as opposed to incremental improvements. It is the business process system that can significantly impr ove a companys profitability. Lean concepts improve operating performance by foc victimisation on the continuous flow of products, materials or services through the value stream. To achieve this, the various forms of waste must be determine and eliminated. Waste can include any activity, step or process that does not add value for the customer.Lean Manufacturing, sometimes also referred to as the Toyota return System (TPS), is about the systematic elimination of waste. There are a number of waste types which are 1. Waste from Overproduction producing more than is required by the customer or marketplace which generates needless inventory. 2. Waste from Transportation multiple handling or movement of products does not add any value to the product. 3. Waste of Motion of the workers, machines, and handling. Searching for tools or parts due to the inappropriate location of these items is considered waste of motion. 4.Waiting a worker waiting for a machine to finish a cycle, waitin g for a supervisor to service a question, or waiting for information or materials reflects an interruption to flow and need to be eliminated. 5. Processing unnecessary processing steps should be eliminated. Combine steps where possible. 6. Inventory or Work In Process (WIP) is material between operations as a result of large lot production or processes with long cycle times. This reflects system problems. 7. Defects producing wrong products is pure waste. Prevent the occurrence of defects instead of scrapping or repairing.Like lean manufacturing, lean sell is an approach to re-inventing a long established business practice by using new information technologies to come out out waste and make operations more profitable. Pioneered by Wal-Mart but subsequently interpreted up by most large retailers lean retailing relies on the use of Barcodes to manage every step of the product value chain, from untoughened material sourcing through manufacturing through final economy to the shop floor. major(ip) attention is given to just in time delivery to cut inventory costs, and to investments in IT infrastructures to allow stores to share sales data in Real Time with their suppliers.In many cases, Lean Retailing software systems bequeath automatically place new orders for a given product from the manufacturing business as soon as an item is scanned at the checkout counter, and in some cases, even the invoicing for that automatic order is automatized as well. Lean retailing aims to cut out the fat (waste) from the retail sourcing process to maximize profits for the retailer. Lean Manufacturing combines the advantages of craft and mass production systems, whilst avoiding the disadvantages of each.Lean manufacturing is lean because it produces products using fewer resources than traditional job shop and mass production methods. Lean Manufacturing involves removal of all unnecessary costs (i. e. waste). Waste elimination is translated into customer satisfaction (i. e . improved performance, quality, cost, delivery etc). In this regard, it is the same as Just-in-Time (JIT) Manufacturing the difference being that Lean Manufacturing encompasses the whole business rather than just manufacturing. It includes product maturation, production, supply chains, distribution and customer service. . 4. QUESTIONS 4 What challenges does the increased internationalisation of both its suppliers and its markets present for supply chain management in Tesco? Tescos real strategic store internationalization began in 1994 with entry into Hungary but soon expanded into other central European countries. First steps were then do into the Asian market, both as a reaction to the Asian economic crisis of the 1990s, which meant assets were cheap, but also due to a more positive sense of the scale of the market opportunities in China and Japan, for example.Over time the countries in which Teseo operates rent changed slightly. Withdrawals from some markets bemuse been mad e (Palmer, 2004, 5), recognizing the lack of scope to become the market leader and/or the desire to invest elsewhere. In some cases, these withdrawals have been made as part of asset-swaps with other leading global retailers, each recognizing their own strengths in grouchy markets. During this time Teseo also re-entered Ireland through a major acquisition, though it is still not represented in continental western Europe .The strategic approach to store internationalization has seen Teseo develop different solutions for diverse markets, using distinct formats and tailoring the product and service offer to the local market. In many countries it operates as a multi-format and even multi-channel retailer (home shopping is easy in Ireland and Korea) and focuses on the core values and brands of the business. Behind the scenes people, processes and systems have been heighten and rolled out initially as Teseo in a Box and more recently as the Teseo direct Model.As can be readily underst ood, the internationalization of Teseo at store level brings supply chain issues as well. At the same time, Teseo buys products on a global basis and this also has to be fitted in to the ever changing pattern of supply and demand. With formats and products varying by clownish and with time, the need is for a supply system that can be adaptable. In some cases, eg Ireland and Hungary, the composite get has been effectively exported to thesecountries, often with the same logistics service partners.Ln other situations there is an attempt to rethink the supply system and the technology needed and use this as the platform moving forward. For example, in 2003/4, found on the UK composite model, Teseo opened the largest distribution centre in Asia at Mokchon, Korea. It also opened major centers in Poland and the Czech Republic, extended a centre in Hungary (and added another fresh food distribution centre) and create a new composite site in Ireland. As internationalization continues, so the infrastructure and the processes in the supply chain need to substantiate pace with or even lead the developments.The processes are now insert in the Teseo Operating Model, but new faculties to meet expansion demand are required. In November 2007, Teseo finally opened its much heralded new-made and mild stores in California and Nevada. Years in the planning, this US entry is intended to achieve 200 stores by February 2009 and to eventually develop into a major chain. Based on massive consumer research with US families and a trial store built secretly, Fresh and Easy stores average about 10,000 sq ft and hold around 3,500 product lines.They focus on providing faster, easier approach retailing with an emphasis on fresh food and fresh prepared meals at affordable prices. Environmental, neighborhood, employment and organic credentials are stressed. fifty stores had opened by the end of February 2008, with expansion into Arizona, although a pause in development was announced in April 2008 to reflect on the learning from these early developments. It is too early to judge the success or otherwise of this US venture, but it has attracted considerable attention. The store format is different to Teseo stores elsewhere.Whilst the Teseo name is not used, its operations are based on the Teseo Operating Model, but with reduced complexity. The in-store processes are simplified, including extensive display-ready packaging, self-checkout and automated replenishment. The systems are advanced, linking processes to the service centre in India. This step-down has reduced payroll and other costs. In supply terms, the Fresh and Easy operation is a little different to other Teseo operations, partly because the model of practices and processes has been built up from scratch, though it does rely on core processes from the Teseo Operating Model.For example, there has been a degree of co-location of production with distribution. UK suppliers with particular expertise have c o-located production facilities at the head office and distribution hub (Riverside, CA), so as to react quickly to demand. Whilst this is not unknown in, for example, Japan, the attempt here is to move towards a low-touch, lean operation and to rethink traditional approaches. There is extensive recycling of packaging, use of returnable crates and retail-ready merchandizing and packaging. The emphasis is on fully automated, one-touch replenishment supported by deep shelves.At Riverside, pick-by-line has been introduced and various environmental initiatives, eg solar power, genuine (Stites, 2007, 4). Store stock levels and availability were initially poor, however (Uwins, 2007, 55) and the distribution systems performance has had to improve as the store development programme has moved on. The sizes of the stores are 10,000sq ft selling around 3,500 items (Telegraph). The stores are much smaller than supermarkets such as Wal-mart, which shows Tesco are not prepared to go in direct com petition with them. Furthermore, Tesco have nvented a new format in the States convenience retailing as we know it in the UK a small shop selling a wide range of fresh, top-up groceries does not exist in the US, where a convenience store means a petrol station selling cigarettes, doughnuts and little else (Telegraph). Tesco predicts Americans will prefer the convenience of a smaller store providing it caters for their needs. By Tesco being the first major competitor in the convenience market, they can have first picks on store locations, suppliers, employees and partners. This concept is known as first mover advantage.However, perhaps the modestness no other company has broken into the market before is because it is not profitable or not in demand. A strategic partnership can be defined as cooperative agreements between potence or actual competitors. Tesco announced that they would form an alliance with Safeway, an American supermarket, and share profits. The strategic alliance will facilitate Tescos entry into the abroad market by renting stores from Safeway in prime locations. If Tesco purchased the buildings and the project was unsuccessful, losses would be much higher than if they rented them.Therefore, a strategic alliance allows companies to share the fixed costs and reduces the risks involved in entering new markets. Furthermore, the regular army has different property laws to the UK and so can be confusing to follow the law-with an American company in alliance their knowledge can be transferred to Tesco and vice-versa. However, strategic alliances can be risky too. If Safeway go bankrupt and have to sell its stores, terminating the contract, it puts Tesco in a vulnerable position of either buy the stores it rents or move elsewhere.Either way, it will cost the company money. 6. 0 destruction Overall, Tescos Supply Chain Management Strategy is its long-term goal. It is important for Tesco to have an operational strategy because it establishes th e types of goods and services the company will offer its target market, and how Tesco are going to get advantages over its competitors. Tesco made good planning and control in its capacity, supply chain and quality. Besides, in order to make improvements in operation, Tesco measures quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost.Although they have made some improvements, there are still some disadvantages in its operation. The early retains numerous distinct scenarios for Tesco. The business has currently developed into a worldwide business. One of their likely future strategies could be dedicated to gathering a spectacular clientele service, as they have currently developed enough. As cited previous, Tesco is the market foremost in the UK. To sustain this location it is significant to advance its services all the time. Tesco will require advancing its product variety by proposing more non-food items. . 0 REFERENCE Book 1. (2013). In D. A. Rahman, Operation Management. McGraw- Hill Create p. Journals 1. James P. Womack and Daniel T. Jones, belief the Big Box New Tricks, Fortune, November 14, 2005. 2. Tsutomu Araki Sophia University A SUPPLY CHAIN anxiety SYSTEM BASED ON RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (2006) 3. Womack, J. P. and Jones, D. T, Lean Thinking, Simon & Schuster, New York, USA, 1996 (ISBN 0-684-81035-2) The Evolution of Supply Chain Management in Retail Sector of Tesco and Analytical Study for the Period of 2005-2011 4.Shah, J. (2009). Supply chain management text and cases. 1st Ed. India Pearson Education Inc 5. Bicheno, J. , Cause and Effect JIT The Essentials of Lean Manufacturing, second Edition, PICSIE Books, Buckingham, England, 1994 (ISBN 0 9513829 5 0) 9-The European Handbook of Management Consultancy, Oak manoeuvre Press, Dublin, Ireland, 1995 (ISBN 1-86076-010-4) 6. http//siibblog. blogspot. com/2009/07/case-studylean-supply-chain. html 7. Wang, L. (2010). Enterprise networks and logistics for agile manufacturing. 1st 8. Humby, C. H unt, T. nd Phillips, T. (2007). Scoring points how Tesco continues to win customer loyalty. 2nd 9. Pryke, S. (2009). Construction supply chain management concepts and case studies. 1st 10. Humby, C. Hunt, T. and Phillips, T. (2007). Scoring points how Tesco continues to win customer loyalty. 2nd Online 1. (n. d. ). Retrieved 04 2, 2013, from Industrial time study http//www. industrialtimestudy. com/lean. html 2. (n. d. ). Retrieved 4 2, 2013, from blogspot http//siibblog. blogspot. com/2009/07/case-studylean-supply-chain. html

Critical Thinking and Ethics Essay

What is the relationship between moral philosophy and hypercritical persuasion? exact thinking and moral philosophy argon put ond in chance(a) sprightliness. I think it best that we define the deuce terms beforehand we get deep into the discussion. The Merriam-Webster dictionary says morals is the discipline dealing with what argon good and bad with moral duty and obligation and Dictionary refer say critical thinking is disciplined thinking that is clear, rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence. These could both be further defined by aspect they are the ability to list good or bad choices and the bet of thoroughly thinking through a close. Critical thinking and ethical motive endings are life skills.Critical ThinkingThere are sixer levels in the critical thinking cognitive operation. They are remembering, earning, makeing, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The majority of people use the first four levels in day to day life. The final two levels are prob ably used in much complex problems and more time cease for be required in devotion to applying these steps. Critical thinking is used in our day to day lives. We clear triplex decisions in a days time. Some of these decisions are function and some require more effort and time. We learn to evaluate functions at a young age and most likely pick up most of our problem solving skills from our parents. When you hear the term critical thinking your first thought whitethorn be negative but critical thinking should not be thought of as being critical but rather think critic everyy.During our life there will be times when we need to make decisions that good deal be life altering. A few examples might be buying a modernistic car, choosing courses at your university, or deciding between a two jobs. Every iodin can relate to the stress of buying a new car. This is a decision that couldaffect you for the next five years and its a decision that should not be taken lightly. My decision to buy the car may have a different outejaculate if I start the process with questions as opposed to making a emotional purchase. Those questions might tonus something like this, What type of car do I want?, What add up of payment can I afford?, and What is the best car make?. All of these questions will determine the out practice. Answering all these questions will allow me to make an informed decision.EthicsWe stated earlier that ethics deals with intimate what is right or wrong. We do the right thing because it is the law, because it is what we were taught, or because we heed to our inner voice. I used a personal evaluation cock earlier this week called the ethical inventory list. This was an activity to help me come apart understand the values that influence my decisions. This tool produced some shocking results which I was surprised to see. My preferred ethical lens was Reputation. I do bearing what people think and this has motivated me to excel in all things I do. My blin d spot was revealed during this exercise and was identified as unrealistic function expectation. I had to read the definition twice to fully understand it and I becalm need to do more research. In short, I put too much value in the role (position) a person holds and that can cause you to forget that people make mistakes. My come was a law enforcement officer. I was taught what was right and wrong at a young age. My father took this to the extreme at times because he saw more bad than good while assuming his daily duties.I have always been known as the guy that will make the right choice even if that choice is the hard choice. Ethics apply to the professional realism and well as the social sector. I devise for a large heavy equipment manufacture. Ethics is one of our core values. The play along makes ethical choices that affect the entire universe of discourse. A few examples are promoting safety, recycling, emissions, and renewable resources. Do these topics cross your mind when you think of the largest heavy equipment manufacturers in the world? They may not but it is the professional right, the ethically right thing to do. When I first started working for the company I was surprised at how much emphasis was placed on safety. They require wearing PPE (personal justification equipment) and have mandatory monthly safety training. The company recycles everything. They recycle all metal products, cardboard, plastics, wood, andeven personal trash has to be sorted.Professional companies contain high ethical standards because it is the right thing to do for their employees and customers. Social ethics is doing what is right for the people around you. When I think of social ethics a couple things come to mind. First is the adopt a road sign that you see along the roadway when you drive home. Groups of people come together for no apparent reason besides keep the world a cleaner place. Is this the right thing to do? Sure it is. another(prenominal) example is the groups of people that come together at public set to do maintenance and clean-up work. Chances are they do not live in the neighborhood, nor do they have children that play there. Why do people strangers come together sacrificing their free time to volunteer for activities like these? There is one answer. They are the ethically right thing to do.ConclusionEthics are a vital part of survival but we need to be reminded ourselves that ethics change as the world changes. Things that used to be considered in a negative manner is now accepted by society. However, we still need ethical decisions in order for us to thrive as a community, a society, and a civilization. generatorsEthics Def. 1. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster Online. In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http//merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ethics Critical Thinking Def. 2. (n.d.). Dictionary Reference Online. In Dictionary Reference Online. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from dictionary.reference.com/browse/critical +thinking

Night Mother Essay

The play Night, Mother addresses the compassionate condition and how character human depth influences the way readers understand drama. The unseeyn characters play a large part on how the two master(prenominal) characters act, and how it influences their dialogue. The come, the password of Jessie, and her ex-husband are mentioned end-to-end the play, and they identify up the dynamic of the story, physic ally and emotionally. Exploring their human depth and their importance passim the play helps the reader of the story understand theater and the drama. The father plays a large part in the play Night Mother.In the play, Jessie asks for her fathers accelerator pedal. She then eventually tells her convey she is going to kill herself with it. In the play, you can tell her and her father are very close. I feel as though Jessie will only use her fathers gun because its as if her father is killing her. Cleaning the gun in front of her mother shows that she is making the point that she wants to kill herself. , when she could direct just put it on the table or quietly went to her style with it. Throughout the play, you can barely tell the Jessie is tout ensemble serious just about giving up her life.She stays so placid and calm as she tells her mother, who is in denial at first, but soon realizes as Jessie is making lists of things she will soon slang to do on her own, that her daughter is completely serious. They talk about things Jessie has never been good at, like being a mother, a good wife, or having any real skills because of her battle with epilepsy. Ben Brantley from the virgin York Times states, Yet anger and score-settling satisfaction flicker betrayingly across her unadulterated features as she itemizes the long list of minuses that make up her life her ailures as a wife and mother, her epilepsy, her lack of professional skills, the death of the father who appears to develop been the only person she truly loved. (Brantley)This quotation sta tes that in the play, Jessie has already muddled the people she has loved most already in her life. She lost her father, her son is a delinquent and her ex-husband left her because she was incapable of doing many things receivable to her disease. It sets a very sad tone as the play goes on. however though Jessie seems to administer a lot about her mother, since she has been taking care of her for many years, you can sort of see the bit of hostility throughout the play.Jessie blames her mother for many things that went wrong in her life. Jessie feels as though her mother never loved her father, and her father had the same seizures as she did, which her mother hid from her all along. According to Leah D Frank from the New York Times, Next, Jessie and Thelma talk about Jessies ex-husband, who Thelma conspired to introduce to Jessie. During the man and wife, Jessie fell off a horse, and the accident was thought to have led to her seizure disorder. But one of the truths that has com e out was that Jessie began having seizures as a child, but Thelma covered it up.It was something she didnt want to have in mind about, so she found a way to simply go on. (Frank) This quote explains that Thelma has been concealment so many things from Jessie, because she thought she was protecting her, but in humankind it was truly hurting Jessie in the long run. Thelma didnt like to think about things, she would rather them just go on. But in the end, this really hurt Jessie because when she developed her epilepsy, her husband left her. If she knew she had epilepsy beforehand, she wouldnt of had a failed marriage on her head, and a delinquent son.

Of Mice and Men Coursework Rough Essay

Introduction.Of Mice and manpower is written by John Steinbeck, bem enjoy workforcet in 1937. The newfangled is set in the 1930s during the great effect in California. The two prominent characters, George and Lennie argon recruit drillers who cont protest(prenominal) a ambition of whiz-day casting their achieve spreadhead. They find work in a prove near Soledad, after escaping from Weed beca exercise of Georges incident. They ar met by antithetic characters on the arouse that solely(prenominal) puddle a dream. Lots of get up workers would sh atomic number 18 the dream of all(prenominal) sensation day owning some orbit of their own. This dream became truly popular and was named the Ameri foundation moon. Its heap came from e actually untaught and stress with the genius belief that America would bring them wealth and happiness. For very much than a(prenominal) former(a)s, America outered escape from p all overty and starvation. It was a new c ountry, an unexplored one. In Europe land had everlastingly been the get a line to money and status. sole(prenominal) in America could the poor of Europe hope to own their own land.The country became more and more heavily populated as the say got near of gold mines, and new homes and vill bestrides developed creating communities. At its simplest the Ameri buns Dream was the popular idea that America was a country that allowed workforce and wo men to make a clean start. Like all dreams the unfeignedity did non unceasingly match the dream. However the destruction of the Indians, the Ameri usher out civil war and the groundwork of city slums were all growing pown(prenominal)s of a great country. moreover the dream survived. That is this dream survived until the late 1920s. By and so there was no more land to be claimed and America had built up its own rules and laws.This marked the start of the great depression. Farming was badly effected, as over farming had ca utilise hu ge areas of land to s merchantmantily dry up. This was the creation of the k instantlyn dust bowl. Poor crops meant that m either of the farmers were unable to pay back the debts they had riden out in the start-off array to buy the land. This meant that the way of purport of men such(prenominal) as George, Lennie and slim was advent to an end when of mice and men was written. All the level offts above occurred during the writing of the sassy and perhaps suggests that the story is near the end of the Ameri locoweed Dream, the social changes and the new reality of alert a full American life.The Setting.The book opens with a description of the country most the Salinas river, south of Soledad in California. When describing this adorn Steinbeck uses a very wide human body of different colours and animal descriptions in only the first concise paragraph. He has a very powerful descriptive style. Lower leafage junctures, that are green, then he notes that the deers tracks a re tell wedge. This description is utilize when the author used direct speech. As the two characters give us information close to what they think and their personalities by how they talk. This landscape is the appropriate backdrop to the introduction of the two characters George and Lennie because it shows a typical background for migrant workers. Who would travel great distances, either walking, using cheap omnibus services, hitch hiking or traveling by trown(prenominal). We know that this particular raw strictly focuses on the life of these men from a few defraud quotes on the first couple of pages. The path beaten sonorous by boys.This line suggests that George and Lennie are following in the footsteps of hundreds of other men. The path had been used to walk to and from work many times which symbolizes the employment and unemployment of men. Walking the passageway and trying to achieve the all American Dream by do a fortune and living the high life. The tree worn stri ke by men, this shows how frequently migrant workers had collapsed and sat on that log suggesting how shopworn and utterly exhausted the men were after traveling miles and miles. This prescribe ups determination that those men had, to actually make someaffair of their live ons. Ash plenteousness made by many fires. This conveys the notion of starving men who had set up camp in that area. By lighting fires that kept them warm and fed.The feature that so many fires had been lit before just proves the amount of people who had been in that business leader area. George and Lennies previous job in Weed was probably something to do with farming as they were itinerant farmers. They are drifters who move from farm to ranch. This subject matter that they are very skilled in various aspects of farm work and labour. The only security these men live on is the hope of more or new work. Murray and Readys was homogeneous an employment mission which was set up as a event of President Ro osevelts new deal which directed migrant workers into agricultural work. From this clothe George and Lennie had both collected work cards which secured their working po depend onion and acted as grounds and identity. They had no permanent home and merely relied on the rough farm accommodation. They carried all their be acheings virtually in a bindle of c pass outhing and formulation utensils which were made portable by wrapping blankets around the outside.When migrant workers sire at their work place after traveling and sleeping rough. They often find they pick up to stay in very simple, poor accommodation. The conditions in which the migrant workers lived were primitive. Bunkhouse walls were whitewashed, the floor unpainted. on that point were eight bunks in the bunkhouse, which showed that there was a lack of privacy for the men. Even their few personal belongings were on public display over each bunk there was nailed an apple-box with the theory forward so that it made two shelves. The only places for the men to sit were boxes. George saw that the conditions were also unhygienic when he found a can in his apple-box which said positively kills lice, roaches and other scourges. Even the permanent buck, who is not permitted to sleep with the other men in the bunkhouse and has his own room, also has to live in primitive and unhygienic conditions. For example a manure pile under the window. One characteristic that the migrant workers share is that they all long for a better life.Loneliness.Loneliness is a very key part of the migrant workers life. They have no time for meaningful associations or long relationships. Little trust is shared and the men work solely for themselves. Many of the characters are nonsocial and this motivates them to look for an alternative way of life. This is one of the reasons why there are drifters they are continually searching often not knowing what they are flavour for. Characters are also unfrequented because of somet hing within themselves, something which seems to make their loneliness needed. Different characters seek comfort and quilt in different things. For glass over it is his detent, for George and Lennie its each other, for Crooks its his fleece and his skill at pitching horseshoes. In the newfangled George and Lennie find themselves a Few miles of Soledad. This is a real place in California and its name, which is Spanish can mean loneliness or lonely place. George describes himself and Lennie as the material body of people who are the loneliness fatheads in the beingness. Although the boss of the ranch thinks that George exploits Lennie, all the ranch workers cope to see that the reason for their relationship is mutual loneliness. candys relationship with his dog is much like the relationship betwixt George and Lennie. glass over has a parental role towards his dog, just as George has a parental role towards Lennie. Lennie can be compared with the dog in the soul that he li stens, but does not talk this provides comfort for those who talk to him nearly their savourings. He aint no good to you dulcify. An he aint no good to himself. Whynt you film him glaze? Carlson is unsentimental somewhat confects dog as he can see no further practical use for it. Although his suggestion is perhaps reasonable, he seems oblivious to the strong bond amidst Candy and his pet. Lennie turns to petting animals for comfort. He means no harm to the creatures and sees them as on a similar level to himself. Lennie is unaware of the feelings of the pups as he heavily touches and plays with them, this causes the ranch workers to become concerned.Well you aint bein resistant to him.. With these words Carlson is ironicalally sentencing Lennie who will later suffer the alike(p) helping as the dog. Carlson assumes that Candy can soon get another pet, just as at the end of the novel he seems to assume that George can easily get another friend. From this we can see that Carl son, like some of the other characters does not appreciate the bonds that occur. Candy and his dog are on the flavor of it very alike to George and Lennie, even to the way the dog follows Candy around in the same way as Lennie follows George. Just as Candy feels tied down by his relationship with his dog, so George feels trapped by his sense of responsibility for Lennie. Curleys unite woman is one of the loneliest characters in the novel she has no identity, she is seen as an object, a possession of Curleys. Curleys wife is seen as a flirtatious tart by the other ranch- manpower, true, Curleys wife does flirt, she is very conscious of the effect this has on men, but she is not a tart.She wants attention and by gaining that attention, she act the way people think. She had full rouged lips and wide-spaced kernels, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. She likes to plant up and wear a lot of make up, to attract the men. The men on the other hand do not flirt with her, as the y are afraid of what Curly mogul do. This leads to the loneliness of many characters. Although the men think it is wrong of her to flaunt herself innerly and give everyone the eye, the men all visit a for sexual gratification and momentary companionship. Those like George and Whit contradict themselves when they talk nigh Curleys wife as being jail-bait. Shes gonna make a mess. Theys gonna be a bad mess to the highest degree her. Shes a jail-bait all set on a trigger, George senses d vexation coming his way, but he chooses to ignore it, as he needs the money.During the 1930s, women were seen as possessions of their husbands who were to stay at home. Georges view of women, seem to be very basic and biased, he sees them as instruments to relieve physical urges. All the ranch-hands one evening go off to Susies place. This Brothel is a place were the men can enjoy the company of women and sexual pleasure. As the men have no need for a relationship it means they can still have fun w ithout all the strings attached to hunch over and friendship. She never talks dirty, neither. Got five girls there. George does not express the need for any female companionship mainly because he is too busy holding Lennie out of trouble. All these things link up to suggest clues behind the real reasons as to why the ranch workers are so lonely. They try to faint away from commitment and responsibility.Violence.The lives of the men in the novel is filled with needless rage. The boss is a good example of this in the way he treats the men and permits flakeing. Curley is another good example with all his comp allowely false aggressiveness. Carlson is another character who seems to thrive on violence either when he is arguing with others or when he is erring them on. The guns easy availability causes inevitable trouble throughout the book. From the text it is simple to separate the more forestall characters who resort to uncivilized behavior from those who are not preferably so uptight. In a world of such mistrust it is not hard to see why violence is a constant issue. When George and Lennie first degrade the bunkhouse they discover how bad the accommodation is. Suspecting his bed contains vermin George inspects it cautiously. As he does so Candy chatters on about the boss. We learn that he vents his anger on the black stable hand, provides the men with whisky and allows a fight mingled with the stable buck and Smitty, one of the Skinners.The boss could be worse Candy insists hes a attractive nice crack and, after all, he keeps two of the cripples on payroll. The atmosphere of later violence has the potential to create trouble for Lennie. Finally friction builds up between Curley and Lennie. Let the big guy talk. This harsh confrontation is caused by Lennies attempts to obey Georges instructions to say nothing. Curleys presence is not good for Lennie and Georges safety. This is empha size of itd by Candys comments hes alla time cream scraps with big guys. Since Lennie is a titan man it seemed certain that a violent assault would come from Curley. As Candy explains, Curley is a menial man and feels that he cannot loose this manikin of situation. This seems very dangerous as Lennie usurpt know no rules when it come to fighting. It is typical that Curley should pick on Lennie for his display of violence. In picking on the large but apparently harmless man, Curley demonstrates his own cowardice. There is an irony in the fact that it is Lennies happy thoughts about the farm which leave a smile on his face, which is misinterpreted by Curley.Despite his size Lennie has two distinct disadvantages, he will not act unless told to do so by George and he is terrified by aggression. Because of this he does not make any attempt to defend himself. Curley is a unrelenting sensation and is out to inflict damage on Lennie. Animal imagery is used towards Lennie as he stands like a bear with paws covering his face but Curley is the dirty p articular rat. Lennies strength and grip crushes Curleys hand . This is not aggression but more of a reflex response action, it is a defensive move. Carlson is not a cowboy, but does possess a handgun. There is a conversation about Carlsons gun in the bunkhouse this lets George know where it is kept. The sensitive slim points out that when Candys dog is killed there will need to be a decent sepulchre so a shovel would be needed. This compares the scene of the dog with the shooting of Lennie later on. John Steinbeck emphasizes the long wait at this period in time in the novel by using sounds like shuffle, rippled, and gnawing, which credit line the eventual shot. After Lennie is accused of killing Curleys wife the ranch workers all go searching for the criminal.The prospect of a manhunt and the opportunity to use his yellow-bellied terrapin excites Carlson, who seems to want to solve all his problems with his gun. His keenness to use his luger on Lennie re nouss us of his former enthusiasm to use it on Candys dog. The hunt for Lennie continues and the consequences for Lennie are that as George has just been saying that there Aint gonna be no more trouble. Nobody gonna legal injury nor steal from em. These things would have been the rewards they were hoping from their dream farm. There is heavy irony in Lennies urgings to George to do it now. Earlier on in the novel Candy said that he ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldnt ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog. This is probably the main reason as to why George decides that he should be the one to shoot Lennie, but he may also be protecting him from the treatment he would receive at Curleys hands if he were to find him first.Prejudice.In Of Mice And Men there are several different levels of injury shown, all modify to the failure of the American dream. The main types of prejudice shown in this novel are racial, sexual and age related to. Racism is very prominent. There is much racial pre judice shown in Of Mice And Men towards Crooks the black crippled stable buck. Crooks is more permanent than the other ranch hands and has his own room off the stables with many more possessions than them. This room is made out to be a privilege and also because it means he is nearer to the horses but in fact it is truly because the other ranch hands do not want him in the bunk house with them. As a result of this prejudice Crooks has become bitter and very lonely. When Lennie comes to pet the puppies, not even realizing that Crooks room is out of bounds, Crooks instantly becomes defensive I aint wanted in the bunk room and you aint wanted in my room but Lennie is childish and is completely without prejudice Why aint you wanted he asks. Crooks replies to this ,Cause Im black, they play cards in there but I cant play because Im black.They say I stink. Well I tell you, all of you stink to me This line screening that Crooks desperately wants to join in, be accepted, but because of h is colour he cant and so he feels the only way he can make himself feel better is to cut himself off further, it is a vicious circle. When Crooks realizes that Lennie means no harm he invites him to Come on in and set a while Lennie begins to talk about George and his dream, it makes Crooks remember his childhood which he looks on as a kind of paradise. The white kids come to play at our place, an sometimes I went to play with them and some of them were pretty nice. My ol man didnt like that. I never knew till long later why he didnt like that. But I know now. Crooks didnt experience racism in his childhood, making his occurrent situation even worse.Crooks is fascinated by the strength of the friendship of Lennie and George, especially how close they are. Crooks said, Well, spose, jus spose he dont come back. Whatll you do then? Crooks asks these questions because he does not have any friends, and wouldnt know how losing them unexpectedly would feel. He was curious and envious, a bout the friendship of Lennie and George, noticing that Lennie is retarded, he takes advantage of this situation to torture him mentally, to make him feel better and ease the pain of having other reject him Crooks face light with pleasure at his torture he also does this to ease his jealousy towards the friendship Lennie has, but that he, Crooks, will probably never have. He wants the people to feel the way that he does, completely alone. Crooks goes on to talk about his loneliness A guy needs somebody-to be near him He whined A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. hold outt make no difference who the guy is, longs hes with you he cried I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an he gets sick Crooks is looking for sympathy, he is so improbably lonely even to the point to saying that loneliness can make you ill. Curleys wife is shown a lot of sexism over the course of the novel. life-time on a ranch where the large majority of the people are male she is very lonely. George says bed cover with a bunch of guys on it aint no place for a girl Perhaps to prove the fact she is insignificant, she is always referred to as Curleys wife, never given a name. She experiences sexual prejudice in that none of the ranch hands will talk to her. This is partly because she can make up things about those she dislikes who will subsequently get the can and also because she is a looloo who flirts alots. She got the eye goin all the time on everybody. I bet she even gives the stable buck they eye. I dont know what the hell she wants says Whit.The ranch hands dont trust her or understand her. George says Ranch with a bunch of guys on it aint no place for a girl, specially like her An old lover told her that she coulda went with the shows, not jus one neither He promised her that he would write Soons he got back to Hollywood but he never did and so she married Curley. Because of this shes upset and feels shes been deprived by life. In fact she doesnt even like Curley He aint a nice fella. Because she has nothing to do but sit at home she goes out on the ranch under the reason of looking for Curley. Some of the sexism she experiences is her fault, she scares the ranch hands with her womanly actions but she isnt really a tart, she just craves attention which she doesnt get from Curley. Ignored by both the ranch workers and Curley she has ended up very lonely, the one thing she most wanted to escape. byout the novel there is a small protest for the weak. Steinbeck sees an opportunity to emphasise on how strong men had more authority over weaker or disabled onees.Candy, the old swamper is prejudiced against because of his age and his disability. Because of his hand he is unable to do a lot of the jobs that the other ranch hands do making him instantly an outsider. Also because he thinks that he is old he puts himself in a state of mind which handicaps him far more than his missing hand ever will. His life echoes that of his dog, he was once the best damn sheep-dog I eve r seen but now is next to useless, Candys life has gone somewhat the same way. The novel shows the amount of predjudice at the time of the 1930s. At the time of the novel blacks in America had no rights, they were seen as nobodies. Because of this prejudice many of them, like Crooks retired into the terrible protective dignity of the negro. Women also had very few rights. There are many different levels of prejudice shown in Of Mice And Men. Through these prejudices the characters such as Crooks and Curleys wife have become lonely but they are in hopeless position which they can do nothing about.Dreams.Many ranch workers would share George and Lennies dream of a small farm. Such a dream would allow men such as George to be their own master, to make a decent living from their own hard work. This dream forms part of the much larger phenomenon know as the American dream. The American Dream has its roots from when American first became populated. Many of the characters in the novel have dreams, in the sense that they have hopes or ambitions. These dreams are often kept secret to begin with. George is displeased when he discovers that Lennie and Candy have told Crooks about their secret dream farm. George always talks wistfully about his mental picture of the farm. He sits enchant with his own picture. Georges dream like description slows down the pace of the novel and provides a period of almost calm before all of Lennies destruction. Georges life and Lennies would be more closely related to nature on his dream farm as he says, when we put in a crop, why wed be there to take the crop up, so the cycle of nature would be complete.Since George and Lennies ambition in life is much like all those around him he believes it to be pretty impossible to come true. But absolutely George realizes that what had been until a certain point a distant dream was then a real possibility. Spose I went in with you guys. Candys involvement and contribution made the dream make more s ense. It offers George and Lennie the prospect of companionship and self-living. The characters dream is a sharp contrast to that of their current surroundings. Crooks is rather scornful of the dream as Lennie explains it to him youre nuts, he says. Crooks compares human hopes with religious belief and says that the search for a little gather of land is like the search for heaven. His comments create tension as Candy, Georges and Lennies dream seems so close to them. Crooks thinks that the chances of them successfully achieving their dream farm are remote. Few have achieved it before.Despite Crooks negativity he seems pinched into the same dream of a better life and of companionship. During the discussion with the ranch workers his attitude changed from sheer disbelieve to almost excitement. Unlike most of the characters in contrast, Curleys wife seems almost desperate to tell Lennie about her dreams. It is ironic that she confides in someone who appears to have no interest or lit tle understanding of what she is saying. Curleys wife reveals her own dreams of a better life. Her dream is parallel to that of Candy, Crooks and George. Curleys wife seems to be starstuck to have taken all the flattering comments she received from the men she met. She finds her dream in the glittery world of show business, the cinema and glossy magazines. This is a sharp contrast to that of the collar men. Her interest in the world of cinema and film stars suggest that her dress sense is there to make her stand out from all the other ordinary girls.Eventually though in one way or another all the peoples dreams die out because of Lennie. Candy, George and Lennies dream is washed-up because of Curleys wife. Lennie sinned and the heaven of the small farm became a dream again. George realizes that his own prospects are now no better than those other ranch workers, with their hold ambitions of cheap sex and gambling. Georges vision is an example of the second kind of worried vision. When he sees his future aimlessly drifting. Ill take my fifty bucks an Ill stay in some lousy cat house. Or Ill set in some pool-room till everbody goes home. Lennies dream is shattered. He starts to have visions after killing Curleys wife. The behavior of a giant hyrax is to do with Lennies fear for the future.The rabbit is a symbol of a time of peace in quite and natural surroundings. Lennie tells himself that his dream has been destroyed by what he has done. Steinbeck again creates a sort of parallel not only between the shooting of Candys dog and of Lennie, but also between the emotions which motivate the killings. George ends up by killing Lennie, Lennie has killed Curleys wife, and Carlson killed Candys dog. All killers are motivated by passion. Many of the workers have dreams of one kind or a another, and sometimes they share the same dream. Generally though the characters have one choices of an almost realistic dream. This is the dream that includes companionship, honesty and love or the dream farm. Which represents the ambition and the possibility of escape from the workers loneliness and poverty. These factors eventually stimulate the violent deaths and therefore the abrupt ending of dreams.

Online Education vs Traditional Education Essay

Nowadays, with the applied science furtherance and the increased use of the internet, online command has gained profound acceptance and popularity in all over the world. Not too long ago, online commandment offered no competition to handed-down nurture . Today, with to a greater extent choices being offered online, traditional reading is now facing a number of challenges in ein truth level. This has as a result, the competition in the midst of those two educational political programs, having to correspond the advantages and disadvantages of both methods of film, being measured since those methods atomic number 18 means for us to fly off the handle our opportunities and advance our c argonrs.In the following paragraphs, I go forth expand the differences and similarities between online education and traditional education and compare their characteristics. Online education is defined as the creation and proliferation of the individualised computer, the globalization of ideas and former(a) human acts, and the use of technology in exchanging ideas and providing access to more raft. Audio, video, computer, and networking technologies are often combined to take in a multifaceted instructional delivery strategy. The fundamental method to connect the blank scholarship instructor with the distance memoriseer is the network.Networks suitable for distance learn implementations include satellite, cable modem, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and wireless cable, (Collins, 2002). gibe to an article, students wish to monitor their progress to the technology evolution and adjust their strategies for reading base on their development. Plus they need to control a period directment schedule in order to sleep with online learning activities in the proper timeframes, (Orellana, 2009, p. 470). Online education requires time management skills and requires self-discipline. It takes patience, time and energy to be able to do that with success.The online s tudent must be able to equilibrate school, work, and a family. However, proper management must be maintained in order to balance all of the responsibilities and be successful in all areas. Online education gives you the hazard to pursue quality and affordable education without interrupting your personal or professional life. It allows more flexibility and you are able to manage your study schedule according to your comfort and availability of time. So, you open fire program your personal life respectively with your studies thanks to the online educations special(a) mode of learning.This gives to the students the comfort to study from their homes, workplaces or anywhere they are in the world. Whats more is that, umpteen distance programs allow to their student to complete the coursework any time during the day, while still adhering to overall deadlines. Online education has disdain cost. It is considered more affordable than traditional because on that point are no transportat ions costs, no need to buy textbooks and you do non need to rent a place to live close to the university. Also, online education programs offer scholarships, financial attend to packages, including loans and grants, exactly as the traditional education institutions.A nonher characteristic that cannot be ignored is communication. In online education programs you can communicate with your tutors anytime you want, anywhere, with any expressive style you prefer to communicate (with the technology you pass on available). Online educational techniques are not only flexible and interactive, but at the same time evoke as. Besides, the fact that the student has straight access to an assigned professor or lecturer, allows each student to learn with the methods that work best for them. Another experience of online education is that if you are not a social person, an online school whitethorn be the right choice for you.You do not have to administer with meeting up new people. Moreover, a big part of people choose to follow the online education route for the quantity of material they are able to find, or because the tutors are more obtainable via internet than they would be in a normal classroom setting. At the same time, there are just about similarities which can be seen in an online and traditional system of education. First of all, assignments are a part of learning, whether you choose to attend classes online or in a traditional system, you will be assigned cooking to complete.The assignments are expected to be done about the course you are enrolled in and delivered them to your personal tutor between the deadlines. A second similarity between online and traditional system is that the reference material text books are common for both systems. Even though a course whitethorn be taken online, text books are still central to learning relevant information and umpteen of the students are using the electronic books. In traditional education, students have to bu y the books because they study from them in the class and home.Thirdly, tests and exams are used to test your understanding and retention of a particular outlet/subject. It is usually given to students during the academic semesters including midterms. Even though you may study in an online course, you have to expect to be required for course exams. Exams may be given online, or you may be required to call on the carpet the institutions campus to complete the exam. In both education systems, students have common information to study thus they have common exams. closing but not least, academic instructors furbish up themselves available to students to help them learn the required material.Whether you are attending school online or on campus, professors are likely to have office hours, where you can get clarification on an issue or otherwise communicate with your professor. In both the types of classes, instructors will be available to help the students in any matter. Alternatives ways to cope with them would be email. Traditional education, similarly known as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary education, refers to long-established customs found in schools that society has traditionally deemed appropriate.Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, a more holistic approach which focuses on individual students unavoidably and self-expression. In the eyes of reformers, traditional teacher-centered methods focused on rote learning and memorization must be abandoned in favor of student-centered and t drive-based approaches to learning. However, many parents and conservative citizens are concerned with the maintenance of objective educational standards based on testing, which favors a more traditional approach.(Wikipedia,2011) First of all, school is a main place which you can meet up people from divergent places in your community. Friendship is too substantial, no-one can live without having a sp onsor around. School is the most important place for humanity to learn. It is very important for everyone because is a place that people can build up intemperate relationships with each other and also is a place to learn a lot of information. In addition, communication is easy because everyone is on the same mental synthesis the same hours. So, it is easier for students to study together and help each other.You can ask questions whenever you deal with difficulties either to your teacher either to your classmates because you are all in each other lives. Lastly, study at school is easy for the teacher to take care of the students, help them and get to know how he/she should stockpile according to the student. Whenever a student has questions or difficulties, he or she can ask teacher right away, also students dont need to wait for a long time just for a question. Now, comparison the traditional education with online education system there are and some differences too.Starting with online education, firstly, students do not have the opportunity to socialize with friends and do not communicate with other people. Also, students are spending too many hours in front of one screen and that can causes back inconvenience and eye problems. Moreover, if you have limited access to internet (connections are slow) and you do not know how to use technology then you probably shit to your lessons. Continuing with the traditional education, enables students to have more creativity and be more sociable thus they can cooperate and collaborate with each other and the teachers.It is easier to communicate because you have face-to-face contact. Furthermore, teachers can stick out instant feedbacks to the students and actuate them to succeed and teach them about discipline. In my opinion, REFERENCES * Collins, (2002), Definition of online education * Schutte, J. G. , (1996),virtual(prenominal) Teaching in Higher Education The new intellectual motorway or just another traffic ja m? , California pronounce University, Northridge. * http//www. acadenia. com/education-articles/Online-education-traditional. asp * http//www. dagorret. net/difference-between-online-education-vs-traditional-education/ * http//lyzreblin.blogspot. com/2012/02/online-education-vs-traditional. html The challenges of online education * Jeni Johnson, (2012), Online Education Vs. Traditional Education, April 4 * Wikipedia, (2011), Traditional education, May, * (Orellana, Hudgins, & Simonson, 2009, p. 470). * Elise Wile, Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional Education, eHow Contributor * Similarities Between Online & Traditional Classes,eHow. com In conclusion, although online education have some beneficial impacts for students, but traditional education provide better place for students to study and socialize with friends.As well as some people limitations to access technology can occurs students can not have education. An online education program can be a very rewarding experienc e for those individuals wanting to earn a degree in a non-traditional education environment. Studies have shown that students who are mature, self-motivated and organized are super successful in their online learning pursuits. By allowing students to control where and when they study, online programs are best-suited to those individuals who give birth strong time management skills and are in subordinate learners.Online learning also offers prospective students who are employed or have children and other family commitments the opportunity to earn a degree without sacrificing other important areas of their lives. Younger students, such(prenominal) as elementary or secondary school age, and students who are dependent learners, may find it difficult to assume the responsibilities required by an online program. Ultimately, you make the final decision as to which education program is right for you.

Cross Contamination Example Essay

There ar 3 different types of defilement in the nutrient industry microbial contamination, physical contamination and chemical contamination, with microbial contamination being a more frequent cause of diet poisoning and rising, with the amount of products contaminate having seen 91 % between 2006 and 201 1 (Department for Environment, food and Rural Affairs , 2012) . A variety of things can cause microbial cross- contamination, but the most common causes are through and through vehicles or vectors verbaliseing unwholesome b performanceeria (pathogens) from a denotation to the food.The source or reservoir is where the contamination Originates from, for example, humans, sore food, rodents, dust and soil. In the context of cross- contamination, a vehicle is a substance, object or living thing that moves the contaminant away from its source to the food. The vehicle could either be dictionary or a erratic vehicle. A vector is an organism, usually a bird or an insect, that tr ansmits a pathogen from unity place to another. The aim for a food manufacturer is to train a commercially sterile, not completely sterile.The definition for a commercially sterile product is Commercial sterility of food means the conditions achieved by application of heat which renders such food free from microorganisms capable of development in the food at temperatures at which the food is likely to be held during distribution and storage. ( provender and Agriculture Organization, 2007). The reason for this is that he severe thermal discussion needed to make a product completely sterile would poorly reduce the sensory quality and nutritional value of the product, as sound as increasing the energy consumption to reach higher heats.There are various reasons as to why cross-contamination happens and is a major cause of food poisoning, for example, poor hand washing techniques, confusion of terminology by staff, equipment bod and color coded equipment which people do not adher e to. It is also precise ambitious to track down the causes of an bam, so it may take a while to take the relevant assure to stop the irruption and sometimes the wrong thing is blamed, for example, in 2011 , Spanish fruit and vegetables were blamed for an E. Coli outbreak across Europe, killing 22 people.However, it was later discovered that German hit sprouts were the likely cause (BBC News, 201 1). The mistake cost the Spanish fruit and vegetable industry Emma per week, proving how economically important it is to get the causes right (BBC News, 201 1). In more food poisoning cases, a sequence of events contributes to an outbreak, rather than just one activity alone. This is called the microbial chain ND makes it even harder to discover the line up cause Of an outbreak. An example of a microbial chain is cooked ham returns into a store and is sliced.This ham has come from the supplier contaminated so has instantaneously contaminated the slices employ. The slices is not wa shed and other nerve centres, for example, more cooked ham or cooked beef, is sliced on it. This then causes the other marrows to become contaminated, making it difficult to find the meat that originally caused the problem. The cooked meat that has been contaminated is ready to eat, so therefore is a high risk product as no notwithstanding retirement will be done to kill pathogens, subject matter it is very likely that a case of food poisoning would come from this microbial chain if the pathogen was harmful enough.A wide range of things can act as vehicles for microbes, for example, hands, clothes, cleaning cloths and pests can all act as peregrine vehicles, and food- contact surfaces, food itself and hand-contact surfaces, such as approach handles, fridge door and taps, can all act as stationary vehicles. These vehicles can carry pathogens onto high risk foods such as ready to eat products such as, cooked meats, cooked prawns, oysters, and dairy products. A high risk food can be defined as any ready-to-eat food that will support the egression of pathogenic bacteria advantageously and does not require any further heat treatment or cooking. Warwick University , 2011). This means that special anxiety ineluctably to be taken preparing these foods in the factory or in the kitchen, for example, victimisation separate areas in the factory or using separate chopping boards for raw and cooked meat in the kitchen. There are many laws that have been rove in place to try and prevent cross-contamination, therefore reducing the oftenness of major food poisoning outbreaks. These laws can be found in SEC) 852/2004 Hygiene of Food Stuffs and it is the job of environmental health officers to enforce these laws, through audits.This laws have been changed and updated over time since 2004 to make them more relevant and applicable. A public enquiry on the 2005 E. Coli 0157 outbreak in southmost Wales, chaired by Hugh Pennington, a professor Of bacteriology, helped fu rther improve this piece of legislation when it was published in 2009. However, many find these difficult to interpret and use in the context of their own byplay, so the Food Standards Agency created Safe Food Better Business, tit different sections for different types of companies that handle food, for example, for caterers, takeaways, retailers, child minders and care homes.These documents are also provided in different languages to help provide businesses, weather by foreign owners who dont speak English, improve the safety of the food from the business and help them adhere to the laws in (SEC) 852/2004, therefore reducing the risk of an outbreak occurring through cross- contamination from this business. There are many examples of where cross- contamination has been the equiprobable cause of major food poisoning outbreaks, for example, an outbreak of Weston Blumenthal The Fat Duck eating place in 2009, the E. Oil 0157 outbreak in in 2005 in South Wales and an E. Coli outbrea k in Lancashire, Scotland in 1996. The 2005 outbreak of E. Coli 0157 in South Wales was a major outbreak and lots of mistakes were made for it to occur, which were highlighted in the Pennington Report. In the outbreak, 157 cases were identified, 31 people admitted to hospital and 1 five year old boy died. This prompted a public enquiry carried out by a prof in Bacteriology called Hugh Pennington.The problems identified were poor audits carried out by Environmental wellness Officers at John Tudor and Son, critical control points not met, no valid Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACK) plan and issues with cooked meat being prepared and packed in the same area as raw meat, therefore do cross-contamination (Pennington, 2009). The meat also ending up in schools in the area, meaning smaller children with weaker immune systems were more at risk of becoming infected, so they were more vulnerable to hard disorder and death.One cause of the outbreak was that there was only one Vic backpacker, which are used o vacuum pack a product, was used for cooked and raw meat, causing any pathogens that were on the raw meat to contaminate the Vic packer, which then contaminated the cooked meat. This then became the problem as the cooked meat will not be treated again, so there is a good chance that a harmful level of pathogens will be present in the meat when consumed.Environmental health officers that had inspected the premises had noticed that there was only one Vic packer for both, however the Food Business operator had told that they had another Vic packer that was of position for repairs. This turned out to be a lie and could have easily been detected, had the inspector enquired further and asked for proof, however it was only discovered to be not true at later inspection. In the Pennington Report it states that special attention was salaried to the Vic packer and that the use of one for both raw and cooked meats carried with it a serious risk of cross- cont amination.

Silent Movies (Summary)

SILENT MOVIES talk of the town to people who saw plastic films for the front intimately time when they were inactive, and they go forth tell you the examine was magic. The dumb film, with music, had extraordinary powers to give-up the ghost an audience into the story, and an equ ally potent aptitude to make their imagination work. They had to tot up the voices and the sound effects, and because their minds were engaged, they appreciated the experience all the more than. The audience was the final seminal contributor to the process of making a film. The films return gained a attract and different worldliness with age but, inevitably, they have also lost something.The stamp they do when there was no contact to the moving assure was more profound, more intense comp bed to the easily get-at-able pictures of today, it was the blow of a two-faced axe, once morest the blunt scraping of a tableknife. The silent period may be known as The Age of whiteness but it include d eld unrivalled for their dedicated viciousness. In Europe, in the midst of 1914 and 1918 more men were killed to less(prenominal) purpose than at any other time in history. In humanityations of the time, one reads horrified reactions against films showing feeling as it is.You did non go away the problems at home mere1? to encounter them again at the movies. You paid your gold initially, for forgetfulness. Gradually movie-going altered from relaxation to ritual. In the big cities, you went to massive picture palaces, floating through incense-laden air to the strains of harmonium music, to worship at the cathedral of Light. You paid homage to your favourite asterisk you dutifully communed with the fan magazines. You wore the fit out they wore in the movies you bought the furniture you saw on the screen.You joined a multitude composed of every strata of society. And you shared your compliment with Shanghai, Sydney and Santiago. For your favourite pastime had beget the m ost powerful cultural model in the world portentous even that of the Press. The silent film was not only a bustling popular art it was a usual language Esperanto for the eyes. Although the genre of silent movie faded it the 30s it left us luck of short and feature-length comedies created by four superlative silent screen proles Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, chap Keaton and desolate Langdon.The most beloved of the four, the most appreciated by critics, Charles Chaplin, was the premier to win general acclaim. Chaplin was a obtain of pantomime. His virtuoso improvisations quickly attracted the charge of American film-makers. At first he turned down all offers but in 1913 he last joined Mack Sennets film company. His success with the public was truly unique. This particular opened considerable opportunities for him to sidetrack his own business. He showed rare versatility in acting as the producer-director-script-writer-musician-leading actor of his own comedies.His m ost famous films are The Kid, The Gold arouse, The Circus ,City Lights, Modern quantify. Harold Lloyd and Buster Keatons share to the genre has been profound as well. two comedians used story clobber of a young American nerve-wracking to be lucky as a man, in his love and in his business. Though they were two capable and original actors and they could match Chaplin in his readiness it took them longer to receive comprehension that could compete with Chaplins fame.However by the early 1920s both Lloyd and Keaton were already well-known to the public and could start producing feature films, which meant that they were very successful at the box-office. The fourth actor, Harry Langdon, was noted for his man-child portrait that made him different from the other study comedians of his time. The four great comedians created a great comic tradition that was carried on with the sound age. They have given us masterpieces that will never fade, and they will influence the film comed ies yet to be born.Silent Movies (Summary)SILENT MOVIES Talk to people who saw films for the first time when they were silent, and they will tell you the experience was magic. The silent film, with music, had extraordinary powers to draw an audience into the story, and an equally potent capacity to make their imagination work. They had to supply the voices and the sound effects, and because their minds were engaged, they appreciated the experience all the more. The audience was the final creative contributor to the process of making a film. The films have gained a charm and other worldliness with age but, inevitably, they have also lost something.The impression they made when there was no rival to the moving picture was more profound, more intense compared to the easily accessible pictures of today, it was the blow of a two-handed axe, against the blunt scraping of a tableknife. The silent period may be known as The Age of Innocence but it included years unrivalled for their dedicat ed viciousness. In Europe, between 1914 and 1918 more men were killed to less purpose than at any other time in history. In publications of the time, one reads horrified reactions against films showing life as it is.You did not leave the problems at home mere1? to encounter them again at the movies. You paid your money initially, for forgetfulness. Gradually movie-going altered from relaxation to ritual. In the big cities, you went to massive picture palaces, floating through incense-laden air to the strains of organ music, to worship at the Cathedral of Light. You paid homage to your favourite star you dutifully communed with the fan magazines. You wore the clothes they wore in the movies you bought the furniture you saw on the screen.You joined a congregation composed of every strata of society. And you shared your adulation with Shanghai, Sydney and Santiago. For your favourite pastime had become the most powerful cultural influence in the world exceeding even that of the Press. The silent film was not only a vigorous popular art it was a universal language Esperanto for the eyes. Although the genre of silent movie faded it the 30s it left us plenty of short and feature-length comedies created by four greatest silent screen actors Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton and Harry Langdon.The most beloved of the four, the most appreciated by critics, Charles Chaplin, was the first to win general acclaim. Chaplin was a master of pantomime. His virtuoso improvisations quickly attracted the attention of American film-makers. At first he turned down all offers but in 1913 he finally joined Mack Sennets film company. His success with the public was truly unique. This fact opened great opportunities for him to start his own business. He showed rare versatility in acting as the producer-director-script-writer-musician-leading actor of his own comedies.His most famous films are The Kid, The Gold Rush, The Circus ,City Lights, Modern Times. Harold Lloyd and Bu ster Keatons contribution to the genre has been profound as well. Both comedians used story material of a young American trying to be successful as a man, in his love and in his business. Though they were both gifted and original actors and they could match Chaplin in his skill it took them longer to receive recognition that could compete with Chaplins fame.However by the early 1920s both Lloyd and Keaton were already well-known to the public and could start producing feature films, which meant that they were very successful at the box-office. The fourth actor, Harry Langdon, was noted for his man-child portrait that made him different from the other major comedians of his time. The four great comedians created a great comic tradition that was carried on with the sound age. They have given us masterpieces that will never fade, and they will influence the film comedies yet to be born.

Questions on International Marketing

1. What are the heavy issues that need to be addressed when conducting selling look in a foreign country? Cultural differences, racial differences, climatic differences, economic differences, religious differences, historical differences, language differences, differences in true(a) and potential target groups. 2. What are the factors that add to the complexity of international trade research? Ethnocentrism, polycentrism, regiocentrism, geocentrism. 3. What are the steps to be taken in organise international research? Identifying and defining your problemDeveloping your approach Establishing research design and trunk Collecting the data Performing data analysis Reporting and video display 4. What are some ethical problems that merchandising researchers face in pattern and conducting field studies in different countries? Some questions can be really strong or offensives to some culture, but this same questions can be truly normal to another culture, so people who are cere bration in doing a international marketing research should be very careful in how they structure the questions because everything depends in the culture. . Peter Philips, an engineering student, has intentional an innovative piece of equipment to help the physically disabled to communicate. The equipment incorporates a system of electronic signals emitted with a slight turn of the head. This carrefour is currently a success in the United States among health-care organizations. Peter wants to market this product in different countries. Acting as Mr. Phillips marketing/international business consultant, purport a course of action to help Peter bring this product to the international market. This is an extra question which will have more angle than the other questions) Well, first of all peter has to choose which market he is going to hit, I hatch in which country he would akin to sell his product. Then he would have to make an international marketing research in which this inves tigation clearly helps him to experience if this country its interested in this product, because a lot of people might not be interested in this product or they dont know this naked as a jaybird product.The research need to give very important information about how the economy is going in that country, I mean this product can be in the profit range for American people but a some other people in other country cant afford such an costly equipment, so it might be very risk to enter to that new market. Besides this here comes the legal and policies barriers in which he have to know how to negotiate all this barriers. So it is very important before introducing a new product to a country to make an marketing research so you can know and measure the risk that it would take to break your new product another country.

Do people travel further to buy comparison goods rather than convenience goods?

My title asks, do concourse endure further to corrupt proportion goods rather than contraption goods? My info collection was carried follow out in the central business district (CBD) of St Albans. My habitual aim is to investigate a ramble on of interests of shoppers in the welkin and in addition a little on the land theatrical role in the CBD. Once sufficient data is stack away I will be manipulating it to dish out my hypothesis and to draw a conclusion from the relevant results.St Albans was visited on a trade day, which is held in the of import street of the metropolis every Wednesday and Saturday. It was a suitable think over argona as it has m whatever distinguishable aspects to it which would suit the needs for varied types of data collection for many students with a large variety of hypothesises and questions.St Albans is located in Hertforshire, southwestern-eastern England, on the River Ver, near its confluence with the Colne. St Albans is situated on t he northern strike of Greater capital of the United Kingdom. The district includes the city and the parishes of Colney Heath, Harpenden Rural, Harpenden Town, London Colney, Redbourn, St. Michael, St. Stephen, Sandridge and Wheathampstead. (See betoken 3). Nearby places away(p) the district include Hatfield to the east, Welwyn Garden City to the north-east, Luton and Dunstable to the north-west, Hemel Hempstead to the west, Watford to the south-west and Borehamwood to the south. (See framing 1 and figure 2). The population in mid-1998 was estimated at 131,400. (See figure 6).In the CBD of St Albans, our study included the roads, merchandise place (where the foodstuff is held), Chequer Street, Victoria Street, Peters Street, London Road, Holy swell up Hill, High Street, Verulam Road, Dagnall Street, Spencer Street, Catherine Street and Hatfield Road. (See figure 4 and figure 5).There are two main hire stations. The city station is about 750m east of the city centre and is ser viced by Thameslink. The abbey station is about 1km south of the city centre and is serviced by Silverlink. There is withal a single train running between St Albans and Watford Junction, starting a new round slickness every 45 minutes during most of the day.Housing is expensive coitus to England in general, possibly due to the fast commuting to London by train. Notable buildings include St Albans Cathedral.The sphere of influence is the area served by a settlement, both(prenominal) condemnations called a catchment area or hinterland. The larger the settlement, the greater the lean and variety of shops and operate and the wider the area from which lot will travel to expend the centre. Londons sphere of influence is the whole country. Outside London towns such(prenominal) as Plymouth, Newcastle, Leeds and Norwich serve local regions. Market towns serve smaller villages and farawayms in the area. A village precisely serves itself and some surrounding farms.Smaller settlements tend to amaze fewer shops and services than larger settlements. The shops, such as a general store, newsagent, small super grocery and chemist tend to provide low- collection or doohickey goods such as themes, bread and milk. In larger settlements on that point are much shops and services. They include shops selling convenience goods just there are also department stores and specializer shops selling jewellery, sports equipment and furniture. These are called high-order or comparison goods. The types of goods and services in a settlement are linked to the following The doorway population the minimum number of volume required to support a service so that it remains profitable. In the UK this is about 300 for a village shop, 500 for a primary school, 25000 for a shoe shop, 50000 for a medium sized store and 100000 for a large mavin. The range of a good the maximum outer space hoi polloi are lively to travel to use a shop or service. Most people do not travel great dista nces to secure a newspaper or do their shopping but they are lively to travel further to purchase clothes, jewellery or furniture, which are more than dear(p) and bought less often.MethodOn Wednesday 26th February 2003, geography students of Year 10 St. Helens School visited St Albans on a market day in order to carry out some geography fieldwork for coursework. During the morning it was sunny and clean warm, however, as the day went on, although it stayed sunny, it got colder.The CBD land use map (see figure 7) and the shoppers questionnaire (see figure 8) were carried out during the afternoon, when we were in the CBD. We were split into 11 groups of 4-5 people and were sent to one of the 11 sections of the CBD. By being split into groups and then spread to different areas all around the CBD, made data collection easier and quicker. My group and I were appointed to work in area 4, which included Chequer Street, Market Place and a small part of High Street. This area is in the heart of the CBD and was in an area where the market was being held.The CBD land use map was completed at about 1430. My group and I walked around our area completing our land use map by filling in how for each one store along the streets was used. E.g. Fast provender shop, shoe shop, newsagent etc. By doing this it showed us what proportion of stores were comparison and what proportion were convenience, were present in the CBD. This had to be pointed out as it could well publication whether people would travel further to buy either type of good. For example, if the CBD consisted almost completely of convenience stores, it whitethorn not be in addition likely that a lot of people would travel from very far to shop at the small range of comparison stores.There were a few problems with this method of data collection however. First of all, it was quite vexed to fill in every shop on the map. Some of the stores were effortful to find or couldnt be found at all. Also, the map was a little too small to fill in enough detail.The shoppers questionnaire was carried out later on in the day. Each individual in each group was advised to ask at least 5 different people who were seen in their fact area of the CBD. By asking the authentic shoppers in St Albans, it allowed us to see their interests, whether they came to shop for comparison goods or convenience goods, how far they pay off traveled to buy what they wanted to buy, where bouts they fuck off come from etc. Each question in the questionnaire had a different purpose, and some had some problems with them Are you shopping in St Albans? this was the first question asked. If the help was no to this question, most of the new(prenominal) questions that followed would be completely irrelevant. Were you held up in any traffic jam? there was a problem with this question because, if the soulfulness being questioned traveled by foot it would not be a relevant. Some terms in the some of the questions were not un derstood by everybody. For example, Have you come to use specialist services?, the term specialist services was not always understood and it had to be explained on many occasions. If the person being questioned was in a rush, they whitethorn not have had time to ask what the term esteemt, consequently giving an inaccurate answer which could effect the results. Where have you come from today to shop in St Albans? this question may have caused problems as people were sometimes too vague with their answer because they may not have wanted us to know where they came from or maybe where they lived. E.g. If the person said that they came from London, it would have been too vague as from that, we do not know if they came from the CBD of London or the suburbs etc.depth psychology and InterpretationFrom studying the zest line maps (see figure 9 and figure 10) that I have haggard for both the distances people are brisk to travel for either comparison or convenience goods, it is fairly exp licit that there are more people coming into St Albans from the south than from the north. This may be because of accessibility from these areas in the south and north to St Albans. I hatful see that there are better thruway links from the south than from the north. From the south there is the M1, A1, A41 etc. However from the north, although there are a few motorway links, it is more limited.Again from looking at the hope line maps, I bunghole see that the results for comparison goods and convenience goods do not differ greatly at all. They both are drawn slightly north from Harpenden, and attracted greatly south-west by people change of location from Greater London. There are not so many people however travelling form the north-east or the south-west. Both proneness line maps are very similar to each new(prenominal), though there is one anomaly on the comparison goods map. This anomaly is the person who had travelled from Enfield which drew the sphere of influence further east. This, again, seems to be due to motorway links.A possible reason as to why the two desire line maps are so similar may be there is not a very large range of comparison goods in St Albans. From the CBD land use map, (see figure 12) even though it shows that there is a greater proportion of comparison stores than convenience stores, it may not mean that there is a large and wide variety of comparison stores. And at the same time, the market may have all-encompassing the distance people are volition to travel for convenience goods.Even though the market is of mainly convenience goods, people may sleek over be prepared to travel from fairly far to shop in the market. This may be because people see that St Albans has a different atmosphere to any other market. For example, despite the fact that there is Watford Market in Watford, we can still see that quite a few people have travelled from Watford to shop and to use the market in St Albans. This may be because Watford Market dif fers greatly from the market in St Albans. Firstly, Watford Market is indoors. On the day we visited St Albans, the weather was very good, so that could have attracted more people.Watford Market is also only open on Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, so because of this, people in Watford may have needed to buy something from a market even though the market in their area was closed. So, as the market in St. Albans is open on Wednesdays, and the day we visited the market was on a Wednesday, their may have been more people from Watford on that day, who wanted to use the market in St Albans. St Albans is also a fairly historical area, for example there are prestigious monuments such as St Albans Cathedral and the Clock Tower. This again could be other reason as to why people are attracted to the market in St Albans rather than a market in their own area or one nearer than the one St Albans.ConclusionMy title asked do people travel further to buy comparison goods rather than convenience goods? From my results and interpretations I have been able to come to a conclusion to answer the question.I was able to see from my interpretations of the two desire line maps that the spheres of influences are of or so the same shapes. The only factor that makes than a little different is the anomaly of the single person who had travelled from Enfield on that particular day.Also, all the reasons I have given as to why people may have travelled from particular places to buy either of the types of goods, even each other out. For example, the lack of variety of comparison stores lowers the distance people would be willing to travel for comparison goods, but at the same time the distance people would be willing to travel for convenience goods is being extended due to the unique market St Albans has.The results and interpretations dont particularly match text record book predictions saying that people travel further to buy comparison goods than convenience goods. The ranges of the g oods are very similar in this study and it shows that many factors can effect the distance people would be willing to travel to buy a particular good or to use a particular service. Therefore, one cannot always be grounded on the idea that comparison goods are always travelled further for than convenience goods are.To conclude, people do not travel further to buy comparison goods rather than convenience goods, but they travel about the same distances for either.